Like the Platinotype and Cyanotype, the kallitype is a contact printing process and the printer must have a negative of equal size to print from.
22.
This type of contact printing begins immediately after a recording and increases over time at a rate dependent on the temperature of the storage conditions.
23.
The thin film and only slight tension this system provided resulted in poor film flatness, and negatives are often sharp enough only for contact printing.
24.
Contact printing is liable to damage both the mask and the wafer, and this was the primary reason it was abandoned for high volume production.
25.
Many large formats ( e . g ., 24?4, 36x36, and 48x48 inches ) are horizontal cameras designed to make big negatives for contact printing onto press-printing plates.
26.
Exposure to a negative is typically done with an enlarger, although contact printing was also popular, particularly among amateurs in the early twentieth century and among users of large format cameras.
27.
While limited by the image display device resolution, which can be much inferior to film negatives, the widespread use of electronic displays provides great potential to this unorthodox contact printing method.
28.
Hence, except for projection lithography ( see below ), contact printing offers the best resolution, because its gap distance is approximately zero ( neglecting the thickness of the photoresist itself ).
29.
In addition, nanoimprint lithography may revive interest in this familiar technique, especially since the cost of ownership is expected to be low; however, the shortcomings of contact printing discussed above remain as challenges.
30.
No enlarger is used, but instead, a contact printing frame or vacuum exposure frame is used with an ultraviolet light source such as a mercury vapor lamp, a common fluorescent black light, or the sun.
