4-Hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase can also be induced in bacteria species such as " Klebsiella oxytoca " and works also with p-coumaric acid analogs such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid and E-2, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid.
22.
Then it is turned into p-Coumaric acid ( 3 ) with use of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ( C4H ) . 4-coumarate : CoA ligase ( 4CL ) is then used to get p-Coumaroyl-CoA ( 5 ).
23.
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL, a . k . a . phenylalanine / tyrosine ammonia-lyase ) is an enzyme responsible for the transformation of L-phenylalanine or tyrosine into trans-cinnamic acid or " p "-coumaric acid respectively and ammonia.
24.
Then, in the proposed ferulate pathway, 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase ( 4CL ) attaches " p "-coumaric acid to coenzyme A ( CoA ) to create " p "-coumaroyl CoA . Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase ( HCT ) then converts " p "-coumaroyl CoA to 4-coumaroyl shikimate / quinate.
25.
Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase ( cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ) is the enzyme responsible for the transformation of trans-cinnamate into 4-hydroxycinnamate ( " p "-coumaric acid ) . 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase is the enzyme responsible for the transformation of 4-coumarate ( " p "-coumaric acid ) into 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
26.
Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase ( cinnamate 4-hydroxylase ) is the enzyme responsible for the transformation of trans-cinnamate into 4-hydroxycinnamate ( " p "-coumaric acid ) . 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase is the enzyme responsible for the transformation of 4-coumarate ( " p "-coumaric acid ) into 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
