| 21. | The oxetane ring in compound 6.3 was obtained via an Shapiro coupling reaction.
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| 22. | Generally the OA-RE mechanism is analogous to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.
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| 23. | The coupling reaction proceeds in two steps:
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| 24. | The many reactions catalyzed by palladium compounds are collectively known as palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
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| 25. | This helps to remove palladium from drugs or precursors synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
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| 26. | Gene disruption studies indicate a cytochrome P450 oxygenase as the enzyme that performs the coupling reactions.
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| 27. | The coupling reactions are shown below.
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| 28. | Negishi, and Suzuki coupling reactions.
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| 29. | They also tend to be thermally unstable, which can be useful in certain coupling reactions.
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| 30. | Likewise coupling reactions involving organomanganese halides are catalysed by Pd, Ni, Cu and Fe compounds
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