Many ingenious types of Crookes tubes were built to determine the properties of cathode rays ( see below ).
22.
The first true electronic vacuum tubes, invented in 1904, used this hot cathode technique, and they superseded Crookes tubes.
23.
He attempted to measure their velocity by the Doppler shift of spectral lines in the glow emitted by Crookes tubes.
24.
Historically, X-rays were discovered radiating from experimental discharge tubes called Crookes tubes invented by British physicist William Crookes and others.
25.
He covered the Hittorf-Crookes tube with the cardboard and attached electrodes to a Ruhmkorff coil to generate an electrostatic charge.
26.
As the medical and other uses of X-rays became apparent, workshops began to manufacture specialized Crookes tubes to produce X-rays.
27.
Induction coils were used to provide high voltage for early gas discharge and Crookes tubes and other high voltage research.
28.
By the 1870s better vacuum pumps enabled scientists to evacuate Geissler tubes to a higher vacuum; these were called Crookes tubes after William Crookes.
29.
Crookes tubes generated the electrons needed to create X-rays by ionization of the residual air in the tube, instead of a heated Pa ).
30.
The ionization method of creating cathode rays used in Crookes tubes is today only used in a few specialized gas discharge tubes such as krytrons.
