| 21. | The thallus of a crustose lichen is usually only discernible because of the discolouration of the substrate.
|
| 22. | An underlayer of fungal hyphae, the hypothallus, is present on some species of crustose lichens.
|
| 23. | In crustose areolate lichens, the edges of the areolas peel up from the substrate and appear leafy.
|
| 24. | But these leafy parts lack a lower cortex, which distinguishes crustose and squamulose lichens from foliose lichens.
|
| 25. | In crustose lichens, the area along the margin is where the most active growth is taking place.
|
| 26. | A crustose lichen that grows on rock is called a "'saxicolous lichen " '.
|
| 27. | Crustose organisms can be detrimental to engineered structures when found on buildings, coastal structures, and ships.
|
| 28. | Crustose can come in a variety of colors such as yellow, orange, red, gray and green.
|
| 29. | Hale also widely collected and described crustose lichens in the Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae ( now synonymized with Graphidaceae ).
|
| 30. | Its thallus grows in a circular outwardly radiating pattern ( crustose placoidioid ), with 1mm wide lobed edges.
|
