The ramp, constructed between 1852 and 1853, is of limestone rubble from the cut and fill activities required to create the prison site and the terrace.
22.
This includes cut and fill terrain on both sides of Trolley Bridge Road, and the abutments of a former long bridge just north of the same road.
23.
In the " cut and fill " or open stoping method, the space remaining following removal of ore after blasting is filled with waste rock and cement.
24.
Ideally, these cuts would be matched with valley fills that could use the dug out material to bring the road bed up to grade-- cut and fill construction.
25.
Natural decomposition of the shale into smaller fragments can affect slope stability, necessitating shallower slopes that require more material be disturbed in cut and fill work, exacerbating the acid rock drainage problem.
26.
In areas where the original line has been bypassed and abandoned, primarily in Utah, the road grade is still obvious, as are numerous cuts and fills, especially the Big Fill a few miles east of Promontory.
27.
However most products offer additional functionality such as the ability to takeoff terrain elevation from plans ( using contour lines and spot heights ); produce shaded cut and fill maps; produce cross sections and visualize terrain in 3D.
28.
The surficial geology in the vicinity of the stream's lower reaches mainly includes urban land heavily disrupted by cut and fill, a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till, and bedrock consisting of sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, and shale.
29.
When it opened on December 24, 1911, the Cut-Off was considered a " super-railroad ", a state-of-the-art rail line, built upon large cuts and fills, and which included two large concrete viaducts that allowed for what was considered high-speed travel at that time.
30.
Once the physical characteristics were entered into CARLA, the computer could generate contour perspectives of the site from any point plotted along an x, y, x axis and help identify areas of common building suitability, natural drainage patterns slope analysis and areas requiring cut and fill.
