Its sequence is already being mined for the levers of the body's own communications system, including the signals that direct cells to repair damaged tissue and fight off invaders.
22.
Gap junctions are conduits that allow the direct cell-to-cell passage of small cytoplasmic molecules, including ions, metabolic intermediates, and second messengers, and thereby mediate intercellular metabolic and electrical communication.
23.
In patients with the condition, fat and muscle cells gradually lose their ability to respond to insulin, the hormone that directs cells to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
24.
The jellyfish gene was a test _ it directs cells to make a protein that glows under fluorescent light, making it easy to see if the added gene is active.
25.
The gene is only a marker _ when it is active, it directs cells to make a protein that fluoresces _ and it has not elicited that protein in the monkey.
26.
It is believed that when this accumulation is not suppressed, the result is direct cell toxicity or cell toxicity as a result of free radical damage due to the lack of suppression.
27.
Already BellSouth Mobility has rolled out a service in the Carolinas _ it will be available in Atlanta later this year _ that directs cell phone users to nearby hotels and restaurant.
28.
The investigators say the gene, known as ABCC6, directs cells to make a protein that is similar to others, known as ABC transporters, that shuttle small molecules in and out of cells.
29.
Many scientists, for example, would like to use the cloning methodology to direct cells to develop into other tissues or organs, like bone marrows to treat people with leukemia or other deadly diseases.
30.
Researchers do not know how the clock genes prolong life or exert such a powerful braking effect on the worms'physiology, and they do not know what proteins the genes direct cells to make.
