Today the electrostatic motor finds frequent use in micro-electro-mechanical systems ( MEMS ) where their drive voltages are below 100 volts, and where moving, charged plates are far easier to fabricate than coils and iron cores.
22.
Internal circuitry in the equipment monitors the actual current through the transistor / FET, compares it to a user-programmed desired current, and through an error amplifier changes the drive voltage to the transistor / FET to dynamically change its resistance.
23.
This causes the EFA device to be, more or less, being " driven with a foot on the gas and a foot on the brake . " An alternating driving voltage of the right frequency can, in principle, minimize this effect.
24.
However a semiconductor-based H bridge would be preferable to the relay where a smaller physical size, high speed switching, or low driving voltage ( or low driving power ) is needed, or where the wearing out of mechanical parts is undesirable.
25.
Standard illumination figures for VFDs are around 640 cd / m 2 with high-brightness VFDs operating at 4, 000 cd / m 2, and experimental units as high as 35, 000 cd / m 2 depending on the drive voltage and its timing.
26.
For anti-alignment of electric field and polarisation orientation ( bottom right ) a positive bias results in a contraction of the domain and so gives a negative deflection as measured by the photodiode therefore the piezoresponse is 180?out-of-phase with the driving voltage.
27.
Ohm's law holds for circuits containing only resistive elements ( no capacitances or inductances ) for all forms of driving voltage or current, regardless of whether the driving voltage or current is constant ( AC . At any instant of time Ohm's law is valid for such circuits.
28.
Ohm's law holds for circuits containing only resistive elements ( no capacitances or inductances ) for all forms of driving voltage or current, regardless of whether the driving voltage or current is constant ( AC . At any instant of time Ohm's law is valid for such circuits.
