In a similar way the required voltage can be reduced ( below 1 V ) if fuels ( such as carbon, alcohol, biomass ) are reacted with water ( PEM based electrolyzer in low temperature ) or oxygen ions ( solid oxide electrolyte based electrolyzer in high temperature ).
22.
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited has demonstrated experimentally a CuCl electrolyzer in which hydrogen is produced electrolytically at the cathode and Cu ( I ) is oxidized to Cu ( II ) at the anode, thereby combining above steps 1 and 4 to eliminate the intermediate production and subsequent transport of solid copper.
23.
The Solar-Hydrogen Residence that has been set up and is operating in Hopewell, New Jersey combines photovoltaic solar, electrolyzer, fuel cell, computer software, and other technologies that have been carefully selected to work in concert to make the renewable energy installation 100 % reliant on renewable energy sources for the home's energy needs, negating the need for utility delivered non-renewable energy sources.
