One further property of electrons is that they interact strongly with matter as they are sensitive to not only the nucleus, but also the matter's electron charge cloud.
22.
Thus the ratio of the electron charge to the electron mass ( in natural units ) determines the relative strengths of electromagnetic and gravitational interaction between two electrons.
23.
The three researchers ( discovered ) that electrons acting together in strong magnetic fields can form new types of " particles, " with charges that are fractions of electron charges.
24.
Graphene s optical conductivity properties are thus unobstructed by any material parameters represented by equation 1, where e is the electron charge, is Planck s constant and represents the universal conductance.
25.
Where e is the electron charge, E _ a is the linearly polarised electric field amplitude, \ omega _ 0 is the laser carrier frequency and m is the electron mass.
26.
Here \ hbar is Planck's constant, e is the electron charge, N is the total number of particles, and B is the magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the xy plane.
27.
In 2000, Shoulders'work related to high energy electron charge clusters was incorporated into a Future Energy Technologies briefing presented to The U . S . Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.
28.
The current can be written as I =-A n e v where n is the free electron number density, v the ( average ) velocity, and e the magnitude of the electron charge.
29.
His current research centers on electron charge transfers in the peptide bonds and proteins of DNA . He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003.
30.
Shapiro steps arise from the response of the supercurrent and occur at voltages equal to nhf / ( 2e ), where h is Planck's constant, e is the electron charge, and n is an integer.
