| 21. | Like a dipole-induced dipole force, the charge of the ion causes distortion of the electron cloud on the non-polar molecule.
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| 22. | :: Neighboring atoms form chemical bonds with each other; this can cause the electron clouds to develop a distinctly non-spherical appearence.
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| 23. | So the electron cloud around each atomic nucleus in the paper is very slightly displaced-it is no longer centred on the nucleus.
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| 24. | All bonds basically consist of positive charged nuclei attracted to a negative charged electron cloud consisting of the " bonding electrons ".
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| 25. | Such polarization can be induced either by a polar molecule or by the repulsion of negatively charged electron clouds in non-polar molecules.
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| 26. | In this case, the aluminium ion's charge will " tug " on the electron cloud of iodine, drawing it closer to itself.
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| 27. | Magnetic scattering does require an atomic form factor as it is caused by the much larger electron cloud around the tiny nucleus.
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| 28. | In addition to this effect the anomalous scatter is more sensitive to any deviation from sphericity of the electron cloud around the atom.
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| 29. | The entire volume of any given atom is essentially all made up of the electron cloud, which is essentially impenetrable by other atoms.
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| 30. | As such, in general, cations are smaller than the corresponding parent atom or molecule due to the smaller size of its electron cloud.
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