The electrostatic potential ( as measured in electron-volts ) required to produce this electric field depends on many variables but is often on the order of the electron temperature.
22.
The SI unit of temperature is the kelvin ( K ), but using the above relation the electron temperature is often expressed in terms of the energy unit electronvolt ( eV ).
23.
The bias voltage is chosen to be a few times the electron temperature so that the negative electrode draws the ion saturation current, which, like the floating potential, is directly measured.
24.
The most common assumption is to compare power densities at the same pressure, choosing the ion temperature for each reaction to maximize power density, and with the electron temperature equal to the ion temperature.
25.
That is, the voltage difference between the positive and floating electrodes is proportional to the electron temperature . ( This was especially important in the sixties and seventies before sophisticated data processing became widely available .)
26.
The panel required all of its members to be actively engaged in relevant research, and as his first experiment, Dow chose to measure ion and electron temperatures in the ionosphere, under contract to the Air Force.
27.
Other fusion researchers such as Nicholas Krall, Robert W . Bussard, Because the electron has a mass and diameter much smaller than the ion, the Electron temperature can be several orders of magnitude different than the ions.
28.
The highest temperature plasmas were produced by four megawatt microwave heater pulses lasting one second : Plasma electron temperatures reached 100 MK, while ion temperatures reached 10 MK . More than 2, 000 pulses were conducted before shutdown.
29.
If the absorbing element does not have a temperature-dependent resistance, as is typical of normal ( non-superconducting ) metals at very low temperature, then an attached resistive thermometer can be used to measure the electron temperature.
30.
:" Derek Robinson was highly respected in Russia ever since his visit in 1968, his measurements of the electron temperature profiles in the T-3 plasma led to the beginning of active research on tokamaks all over the world.
