The electrostatic energy that supplies the rod with the force field continues to reside within a nearby charged object .-- talk ) 21 : 32, 13 October 2014 ( UTC)
22.
In 1865 Holtz invented the " Holtz electrostatic influence machine ", an electrostatic induction generator that converted mechanical work into electrostatic energy, needing only an initial charge to begin operation.
23.
The Ewald summation was developed by Paul Peter Ewald in 1921 ( see References below ) to determine the electrostatic energy ( and, hence, the Madelung constant ) of ionic crystals.
24.
Using general relativity, Fermi showed that a charge has a weight equal to U / c 2, where U was the electrostatic energy of the system, and c is the speed of light.
25.
In other words, the electroscope's rod ( a single probe ) does not remove electrostatic energy from a charged object, because the rod is not in contact with two points along a voltage gradient.
26.
This second expression for electrostatic energy uses the fact that the electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential, as well as vector calculus identities in a way that resembles integration by parts.
27.
However, when it is derived from the electron's electrostatic energy alone, we have m _ { es } = E _ { em } / c ^ 2 where the 4 / 3 factor is missing.
28.
This value is a dimensionless quantity formed by the ratio of two energies : the electrostatic energy of attraction ( or repulsion ) at a separation of one Compton wavelength, and the rest energy of the charge.
29.
Very new class of high-resolving electrostatic energy analyzers recently developed the face-field analyzers ( FFA ) can be used for remote electron spectroscopy of distant surfaces or surfaces with large roughness or even with deep dimples.
30.
The term is also used for a quite different "'electrostatic analyzer "'or electrostatic energy analyzer, an instrument used in ion optics that employs an electric field to allow the passage of only those ions or electrons that have a given specific energy.
