The major species of economic importance is Fusarium verticillioides, which grows as a corn endophyte in both vegetative and reproductive tissues, often without causing disease symptoms in the plant.
22.
Continued popularity of tall fescue with this endophyte, despite episodic livestock toxicosis, is attributable to the exceptional productivity and stress tolerance of the grass in pastures and hay fields.
23.
This association between tall fescue and the fungal endophyte is a asexual, and is transmitted to new generations of tall fescue only through seed, a mode known as vertical transmission.
24.
Samuels, sp . nov . was identified as an endophyte on cocoa, which has the ability to reduce black pod symptoms cause by " P . megakarya ".
25.
Several species of fungi from the genera of " Trichoderma " was identified to be a beneficial endophyte, to control black pod caused by " Phytophthora spp ".
26.
This endophyte is likely the cause of the decline of Florida torreya ( " Torreya taxifolia " ), an endangered species that is related to the taxol-producing Taxus brevifolia.
27.
The fungal endophyte, " Neotyphodium coenophialum ", in tall fescue ( " Festuca arundinacea " ) does tremendous economic damage to the cattle industry in the U . S.
28.
For example, the tall fescue endophyte, " N . coenophialum ", has been associated with enhanced resistance to the migratory root-endoparasitic nematode, " Pratylenchus scribneri ".
29.
The chemical basis of insect resistance in endophyte-plant defense mutualisms has been most extensively studied in the perennial ryegrass and three major classes of secondary metabolites are found : indole diterpenes, ergot alkaloids and peramine.
30.
Due to the inherently nutrient-exchange based economy of the plant-endophyte association, it is not surprising that infection by fungi directly alters the chemical composition of plants, with corresponding impacts on their herbivores.
