In general, Mott insulators occur when the repulsive Coulomb potential " U " is large enough to create an energy gap.
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So Hill and colleagues calculated what he calls the energy gap _ how many calories are consumed but not burned off.
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The energy gap separating these two sets is the basis of crystal field theory and the more comprehensive ligand field theory.
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The formation of an SDW with a corresponding spatial frequency causes the opening of an energy gap that lowers the system's energy.
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But Sen . George Voinovich, R-Ohio, said the only way to fill America's energy gap is through more coal, oil, nuclear and hydropower.
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On the surface of a topological insulator there are special states that fall within the bulk energy gap and allow surface metallic conduction.
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However, at extremely high mobilities, the probability decreases as the vibrational and rotational frequencies no longer correspond to the energy gap between states.
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An application is found in the nearly free electron model, where near-degeneracy treated properly gives rise to an energy gap even for small perturbations.
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Behcet Yucel from the Turkish National Committee of the World Energy Council said the energy gap will be 6 billion kilowatt hours this year.
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The quantum well energy gaps in the injector must be large enough to preclude reabsorption of the photons generated by the active quantum wells.