They may be filleted, with rods nestled within the hollow flutes, or stop-fluted, with the rods rising a third of the way, to where the entasis begins.
22.
Candara s verticals show both entasis and ekstasis on opposite sides of stems, high-branching arcades in the lowercase, large apertures in all open forms, and unique ogee curves on diagonals.
23.
Among faults he lists for columns are that of " being engaged in the wall ", the use of pilasters, incorrect entasis ( swelling of the column ), and setting columns on pedestals.
24.
The Parthenon is considered by authors such as John Julius Norwich " the most perfect Doric temple ever built " . " Entasis " refers to the subtle diminution in diameter of the columns as they rise.
25.
Chinese carpenters of the Song Dynasty followed designs in the AD 1103 Yingzao Fashi ( Treatise on Architectural Methods or State Building Standards ) that specified straight columnns or those with an entasis on the upper third of the shaft.
26.
An early view, often articulated and still widespread, espoused by Hero of Alexandria, is that entasis corrects the optical illusion of concavity in the columns that the fallible human eye would create if the correction were not made.
27.
The " Torre de la Reina ", comprising a basement and three floors, is particularly noteworthy for three sets of twin-arched windows, with columns of exaggerated entasis and trapezoidal Lombard and Mozarabic architectural forms.
28.
Entasis was often a feature of Inca walls and double-jamb doorways, where they also act to counteract the optical illusion that would make the doorway appear narrower in the middle of its slope, than it really would be.
29.
Friezes, medallions, lettering and articulation of the volume substitute for such antique refinements as fluting, scrolls and entasis, the convex swelling in the shaft of a column to prevent the illusion of concavity produced by a perfectly straight shaft.
30.
This view, however, does not explain the case of one well-known example, at Paestum on the western coast of Italy, where the entasis is so pronounced that it creates an obvious curvature, not an illusion of straightness.
