The stuffing ingredients include acetaldehyde, a toxic breakdown product of alcoholic drinks, benzoapyrene, a potent carcinogen found in cigarette smoke, and ethyl carbamate, a natural pesticide.
22.
The Korean study concluded, " It would be desirable to closely monitor ethyl carbamate levels in Korean foods and find ways to reduce the daily intake ."
23.
Prior to World War II, ethyl carbamate saw relatively heavy use in the treatment of multiple myeloma before it was found to be toxic, carcinogenic and largely ineffective.
24.
Heating ( e . g ., cooking ) the beverage increases the ethyl carbamate content, and some concern exists over shipping wines to overseas markets in containers that tend to overheat.
25.
Excessive levels of the amino acid arginine ( greater than 400 mg / l ), especially near the end of fermentation, can pose the risk increase the production of ethyl carbamate.
26.
This reaction occurs much faster at higher temperatures, and therefore higher concentrations of ethyl carbamate are found in beverages that are heated during processing, such as brandy, whiskey, and other distilled beverages.
27.
However, in 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer raised ethyl carbamate to a Group 2A carcinogen that is " probably carcinogenic to humans, " one level below fully carcinogenic to humans.
28.
However, urea also reacts with ethanol if it is not completely metabolized which coupled with long term exposure ( as well as high temperatures ) can lead to the production of the ester ethyl carbamate.
29.
There is little doubt that ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages is very important to health authorities, while the cumulative daily exposure in the typical diet is also an issue of rising concern that merits closer observation.
30.
Fermented foods such as soy sauce, kimchi, soybean paste, breads, rolls, buns, crackers and bean curd, along with wine, sake and plum wine, were found to be the foods with the highest ethyl carbamate levels in traditional Asian diets.
