For the exchange energy, the exact result ( not just for local density approximations ) is known in terms of the spin-unpolarized functional:
22.
Since the coercivity of the hard phase is relatively high, the moments remain unchanged so as to minimize the anisotropy and exchange energy.
23.
Planck believed that in a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls and with no matter present, the electromagnetic field cannot exchange energy between frequency components.
24.
Silvermane and the Vulture exchange energies in the neogenic transfer allowing the Vulture to become semi-permanently young again and reverting Silvermane back to an old man.
25.
Difficulties in expressing the exchange part of the energy can be relieved by including a component of the exact exchange energy calculated from Hartree Fock theory.
26.
In the region of the anticrossing the molecule is in a superposition of the ground and the excited states, continuously exchanging energy with the laser field.
27.
A closed system, on the other hand, is a system which is connected to another, and may exchange energy, but not mass, with the other system.
28.
The condition that the system is mechanically isolated is necessary in order to ensure it does not exchange energy with any external object besides the heat bath.
29.
The concept behind resonant inductive coupling is that high Q factor resonators exchange energy at a much higher rate than they lose energy due to internal damping.
30.
However, a variety of " relaxation mechanisms " allow nuclear spins to exchange energy with their surroundings, the " lattice ", allowing the spin populations to equilibrate.
