The femoral epiphysis remains in the acetabulum ( hip socket ), while the metaphysis ( end of the femur ) move in an anterior direction with external rotation.
22.
On clinical examination, the child typically holds the hip slightly bent, turned outwards and away from the middle line ( flexion, external rotation and abduction ).
23.
The "'flexion synergy "'for the lower extremity includes hip flexion, abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and inversion and toe dorsiflexion.
24.
An individual whose bone structure involves external rotation at the hip, knee, or ankle will be more likely to overpronate than one whose bone structure has internal rotation or central alignment.
25.
An individual whose bone structure involves internal rotation at the hip, knee, or ankle will be more likely to underpronate than one whose bone structure has external rotation or central alignment.
26.
External rotation of the shoulder with the arm at a 90-degree angle is an additional exercise done to increase control and range of motion of the Infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles.
27.
The "'gluteal muscles "'are a group of three muscles which make up the buttocks : the abduction, external rotation and internal rotation of the hip joint.
28.
In addition to stabilizing the glenohumeral joint and controlling humeral head translation, the rotator cuff muscles also perform multiple functions, including abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation of the shoulder.
29.
The "'flexion synergy "'for the upper extremity includes scapular retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist and finger flexion.
30.
Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed by finding a positive Adson's sign on examination, where the radial pulse in the arm is lost during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder.
