Extrafloral nectaries were originally believed to simply be Italian botanist Federico Delpino in his important monograph " Funzione mirmecofila nel regno vegetale " ( 1886 ).
22.
The families showing the most recorded occurrences of extrafloral nectaries are Fabaceae, with 1069 species, Passifloraceae, with 438 species, and Malvaceae, with 301 species.
23.
The plant attracts its insect prey with secretions from extrafloral nectaries on the lip of the pitcher leaves, as well as a combination of the leaves'color and scent.
24.
Some flowers protect themselves from robbery with adaptive structures such as strong plant walls or by producing extrafloral nectar which is visited by ants that inhibit the bees from robbing the nectar.
25.
The nectar spoon of this species, which bears giant extrafloral nectaries within its internal chamber, may have evolved to prevent rain from washing away the energetically costly nectar produced by the plant.
26.
In " Mallotus japonicus " extrafloral nectaries and pearl bodies function as a biotic defence, while a second line of defence is made up trichomes and pellucid dots containing toxic secondary metabolites.
27.
"Ochetellus " ants are omnivores that feed primarily on arthropods, but they show a preference for fluids and sweets when they enter human houses . extrafloral nectaries on plants without providing protection.
28.
A species of deciduous tree that displays extrafloral nectaries, " Catalpa speciosa ", shows a decreased loss of leaf tissue on branches protected by ants, and an increase in number of seeds produced.
29.
Extrafloral nectaries have been reported in over 3941 species of vascular plants belonging to 745 families, 99.7 % of which belong to flowering plants ( angiosperms ), comprising 1.0 to 1.8 % of all known species.
30.
Extrafloral nectaries ( EFN's ) are known to occur in at least 66 families of angiosperm plants in both temperate and tropical regions, as well as some ferns, but are absent in all gymnosperms and are most abundant in the tropics.
