| 21. | Ferromagnetism occurs when individual atoms are paramagnetic and the spin vectors are aligned parallel to each other in a crystalline material.
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| 22. | Unlike ferromagnetism, anti-ferromagnetic interactions can lead to multiple optimal states ( ground states states of minimal energy ).
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| 23. | He used X-rays to investigate ferromagnetism, concluding that it was a result of the alignment of electron spins.
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| 24. | They give rise to ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism, depending on the nature and relative orientations of the individual spins.
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| 25. | Anti-ferromagnetism is another example of a magnetic property arising from a particular alignment of individual spins in the solid state.
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| 26. | Low-defect graphene nanomeshes manufactured by using a non-lithographic method exhibit large-amplitude ferromagnetism even at room temperature.
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| 27. | Ferromagnetism is a property not just of the chemical make-up of a material, but of its crystalline structure and microstructure.
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| 28. | In order to have ferromagnetism, the atoms must have permanent magnetic moments which are not due to the motion of classical charges.
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| 29. | Paramagnetism is not a collective phenomenon, which means that the ferromagnetism of the macrostate was not conserved by going into the nanostate.
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| 30. | Hideo Ohno and his group at the Tohoku University were the first to measure ferromagnetism in transition metal p-type charge carriers.
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