Among the many uses of silphium was promoting menstruation, and possibly contraceptive or abortifacient properties, which has been suggested to link it to " Ferula ".
22.
In Sardinia two different chemotypes of " Ferula communis " have been identified : poisonous ( especially to animals like sheep, goats, cattle, and horses ) and not-poisonous.
23.
This harvesting technique, and the product so obtained, very much recall those of two other medicinal umbellifers : " Ferula assa-foetida " and " Dorema ammoniacum ".
24.
The Roman spice laser or laserpicium probably came from a species of " Ferula ", either an extinct one or " Ferula tingitana ", though other identities have been suggested.
25.
The Roman spice laser or laserpicium probably came from a species of " Ferula ", either an extinct one or " Ferula tingitana ", though other identities have been suggested.
26.
The use of the papal ferula is an ancient custom, established before the thirteenth century, though some popes since that time, notably Pope Leo XIII, have used a crozier-like staff.
27.
It was during the pontificate of Paul VI that the popes more permanently began using a " ferula " as a pastoral staff for solemn liturgical celebrations, rather than a symbol of governance.
28.
Giant fennel ( " Ferula communis " ) is a large, coarse plant, with a pungent aroma, which grows wild in the Mediterranean region and is only occasionally grown in gardens elsewhere.
29.
On 25 March 1983, Pope John Paul II used the " ferula " of Leo XIII with three horizontal bars in the opening of the Holy Door during the Jubilee, the Holy Year of the Redemption.
30.
Adults can be seen from May to October feeding on nectar of Devil's-bit Scabious ( " Succisa pratensis " ), of " Ferulago campestris " and of the Giant Fennel " ( Ferula communis " ).
