The fixed carbon that is either decomposed by bacteria on the way down or once on the sea floor then enters the final phase of the pump and is remineralized to be used again in primary production.
22.
The organic compounds are used by heterotrophs to produce energy and to build body structures . " Fixed carbon ", " reduced carbon ", and " organic carbon " are equivalent terms for various organic compounds.
23.
As a result of the early branch point in Aquificales genetic history, it indicates that the characteristics of the last common ancestor of life were possibly thermophilic and fixed carbon chemoautotrophically; this gives some direction to the evolution of life.
24.
Humans already appropriate 30 to 40 % of all photosynthetically fixed carbon worldwide, indicating that expansion of additional biomass harvesting is likely to stress ecosystems, in some cases precipitating collapse and extinction of animal species that have been deprived of vital food sources.
25.
As a result, undegraded carbon built up, resulting in the extensive burial of biologically fixed carbon, leading to an increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere; estimates place the peak oxygen content as high as 35 %, as compared to 21 % today.
26.
Carbon Additive includes Calcined Petroleum Coke, Graphite Petroleum Coke, Calcined Anthracite Coal, Electrical Calcined Anthracite, Natural Graphite etc . For the steel-making industry, the most suitable carbon additive is calcined petroleum coke with fixed carbon of 98.5 % min.
27.
Lacking chlorophyll, it is unable to Ectomycorrhizal ( EM ) symbioses involve a mutualism between a plant root and a fungus; the plant provides fixed carbon to the fungus and in return, the fungus provides mineral nutrients, water and protection from pathogens to the plant.
28.
Coal mined at Korba coalfield generally has the following characteristics moisture : 4.5 7.4 per cent, volatile matter : 27.9 39.2 per cent, fixed carbon : 34.1 47.7 per cent, ash content : 11.2 31.6 per cent.
29.
The Phylogenetic and Genomic Approaches to Reconstructing the Red Algal Tree of Life focus on the Rhodophyta ( red algae ), one of the most ancient eukaryotic chlorophyll c-containing algae ( chromalveolates ) that rose to prominence in marine ecosystems after the end of Permian with groups such as diatoms currently providing ca . 20 % of global fixed carbon.
30.
In general, dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) is introduced into the ocean environment from bacterial lysis, the leakage or exudation of fixed carbon from phytoplankton ( e . g ., mucilaginous exopolymer from diatoms ), sudden cell senescence, sloppy feeding by zooplankton, the excretion of waste products by aquatic animals, or the breakdown or dissolution of organic particles from terrestrial plants and soils ( Van den Meersche " et al . " 2004 ).
