Ground cover may often be lawn or other landscaping, however site-specific native vegetation, or naturally occurring forest litter such as a thin layer of pine needles or wood chips is generally the environmentally preferable alternative, and is more cost-effective and easier to maintain.
22.
The implication is that while fires would become more frequent in a warmer climate, they would also become smaller because less fuel, in the form of dead trees and forest litter, would have a chance to build up, said Dr . Cathy Whitlock, a geographer at the University of Oregon who was a co-author of the study.
23.
Gray Luvisols have eluvial and illuvial horizons and may have an Ah horizon if the mean annual soil temperature is below 8 �C . Vast areas of Gray Luvisols in the Boreal Forest Zone of the Interior Plains have thick, light grey eluvial horizons underlying the forest litter and thick Bt horizons with clay coating the surface of aggregates.
24.
While some groups argue that utilizing pine needles and wood chips as ground cover up to the 30 foot perimeter of a structure is a violation of California Public Resources Code 4291 requiring defensible space in California, a ?to covering of forest litter ( duff layer ) is not sufficient to carry a flame intense enough to burn structures from a distance of away.
25.
His famous book " Le Th��tre d Agriculture et mesnage des champs " contributed to the rise of modern, sustainable agriculture and to the collapse of old agricultural practices such as the lifting of forest litter for the amendment of crops ( the French " soutrage " ) and assarting, which ruined the soils of western Europe during Middle Ages and even later on according to regions.
