| 21. | There are no free variables to replace.
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| 22. | As " p " is a free variable in the whole expression, the parameter may be dropped.
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| 23. | Step 2 decrements the free variables, giving ? 3 ?% ( ? 1 ?% ).
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| 24. | Indeed, formulae in a tableau with unification may contain free variables, which are implicitly considered universally quantified.
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| 25. | We will assume the existence of such fixed points for every modal formula with one free variable.
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| 26. | Deriving a performance index requires that all free variables are removed, leaving only design variables and material variables.
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| 27. | Let's say we are given two first-order formulas \ alpha, \ beta-each of which has two free variables.
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| 28. | "' Reflection "': Let ? denote a first-order formula in which any number of free variables are present.
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| 29. | In the last case, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the free variables of the defining pair of identities.
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| 30. | The axioms should be read as universal closures; hence any free variables should be taken as tacitly universally quantified.
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