| 21. | Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts.
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| 22. | The life cycle of a gymnosperm is similar.
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| 23. | Instead, correlations can be made between the number of extant gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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| 24. | The Cretaceous gymnosperm species " Phoenicopsis rincewindii " is named after Rincewind.
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| 25. | "Parasitaxus usta " is unique as the only known parasitic gymnosperm.
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| 26. | They are, in evolutionary terms, some of the most primitive living gymnosperms.
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| 27. | In contrast, softwoods are gymnosperms, such as pine, spruce and fir.
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| 28. | The genus is ectomycorrhizal with gymnosperms, usually with trees from the pine family.
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| 29. | Gymnosperm plants covers about 0.6 ha.
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| 30. | Gymnosperm spore pollen from " Protohaploxypinus samoilovichii " has also been recorded.
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