Matsumoto and Hikosaka suggested in 2007 that this reward and reward-negative information in the brain might " be elaborated through the interplay among the lateral habenula, the basal ganglia, and monoaminergic ( dopaminergic and serotonergic ) systems " and that the lateral habenula may play a pivotal role in this " integrative function ".
22.
Avpr1a is present in the lateral septum, paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, lateral habenula, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra ( pars compacta ), superior colliculus, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, inferior olive, choroid plexus, endothelial cells, area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract.
23.
In neuroanatomy, "'habenula "'( diminutive of Latin " habena " meaning rein ) originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland ( pineal habenula; pedunculus of pineal body ), but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus.
24.
In neuroanatomy, "'habenula "'( diminutive of Latin " habena " meaning rein ) originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland ( pineal habenula; pedunculus of pineal body ), but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus.
25.
The primary input regions to the lateral habenula are the lateral preoptic area ( bringing input from the hippocampus and lateral septum ), the ventral pallidum ( bringing input from the nucleus accumbens and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus ), the lateral hypothalamus, the medial habenula, and the internal segment of the globus pallidus ( bringing input from other basal ganglia structures ).
26.
The primary input regions to the lateral habenula are the lateral preoptic area ( bringing input from the hippocampus and lateral septum ), the ventral pallidum ( bringing input from the nucleus accumbens and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus ), the lateral hypothalamus, the medial habenula, and the internal segment of the globus pallidus ( bringing input from other basal ganglia structures ).
27.
One area of the brain that is linked to reinstatement of place preference through drug priming is the lateral habenula Drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine has shown to also be reinstated by administration of similar psychostimulants including methampethamine and methylphenidate All three of these psychostimulants increase the amount of dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens by blocking reuptake of dopamine, which is presumed to mediate the drugs rewarding effects.
28.
Other output regions include : the ventromedial hypothalamus, medial and lateral septal nuclei, central medial amygdala, zona incerta, periaqueductal gray matter, lateral habenula, diagonal band, substantia innominata ( contains the nucleus basalis ), stria terminalis, prefrontal cortex, various brain stem substructures, including the rostral ventromedial medulla, rostral ventrolateral medulla, nucleus ambiguus, solitary nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, pontine micturition center, ventral respiratory group, and pontine respiratory group ), area postrema, and dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve.
