| 21. | However, heat shields are required for this, which add mass and constrain spacecraft geometry.
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| 22. | Space craft have heat shields to ensure a safe re-entry.
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| 23. | The crater is located approximately south of the heat shield and Heat Shield Rock.
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| 24. | The heat shield increases the mass, possibly by 15 %.
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| 25. | Phenolic resins have been commonly used in ablative heat shields.
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| 26. | The tension ties were stainless steel straps bolted to the CM's aft heat shield.
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| 27. | The Columbia Accident Investigation Board conducted the heat shield tests recently in San Antonio.
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| 28. | However, during re-entry, the Elsa's heat shield begins to disintegrate.
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| 29. | Then the relatively small ablative heat shield and finally a parachute does the rest.
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| 30. | The crater is located approximately south of the heat shield and Heat Shield Rock.
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