Uropathogenic " E . coli " use P fimbriae ( pyelonephritis-associated alpha-and beta-hemolysins, which cause lysis of urinary tract cells.
22.
But the fact that hemolysins ( produced by pathogenic microorganisms during infections ) are combined with other virulence factors may threaten a human's life to a greater extent.
23.
The diarrhetic syndromes observed in patients are thought to stem from the three toxins : hemolysin BL ( Hbl ), nonhemolytic enterotoxin ( Nhe ) and cytotoxin K ( CytK ).
24.
Many hemolysins are pore-forming toxins ( PFT ), which are able to cause the lysis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets by producing pores on the cytoplasmic membrane.
25.
The heptamer of ?-hemolysin from " Staphylococcus aureus " has a mushroom-like shape and measures up to 100 ?in diameter and 100 ?in height.
26.
Early industrial research into this method was based on a technique called'Exonuclease sequencing', where the readout of electrical signals occurring at nucleotides passing by alpha-hemolysin pores covalently bound with cyclodextrin.
27.
In this case, it has been proven that alpha-hemolysin takes part in inducing necrotic pulmonary injury by the use of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is responsible for inflammatory processes and of pyroptosis.
28.
Premature activation of leukocytes and inhibition of phagocytosis and chemotaxis by alpha-hemolysin, if they occur " in vivo ", would greatly enhance the survival of an E . coli attack.
29.
Another interesting point is that pretreatment of leukocytes with doses of alpha-hemolysin at which nearly 80 % of the cells survived decreased the ability of the cells to phagocytize bacteria and particles and to undergo chemotaxis.
30.
Protein nanopore sequencing utilizes membrane protein complexes such as "-Hemolysin, MspA ( Mycobacterium Smegmatis Porin A ) or CssG, which show great promise given their ability to distinguish between individual and groups of nucleotides.
