"Phytophthora cinnamomi " is a homothallic ) . " Phytophthora cinnamomi " mating type A2 cultures can be induced to undergo sexual reproduction by exposure to damaging conditions, that is by exposure to hydrogen peroxide or mechanical damage.
22.
Although it is not known with certainty how the spores are dispersed, they may disperse passively in the water, or a mature spore-containing fruit body may float on the water surface for dispersal . " L . incarnatum " is homothallic, a mode of competitive advantage in marine environments.
23.
This observation suggests " Aspergillus " species can generally maintain sex though little genetic variability is produced by homothallic self-fertilization . " A . fumigatus ", a heterothallic ( outcrossing ) fungus that occurs in areas with widely different climates and environments, also displays little genetic variability either within geographic regions or on a global scale, again suggesting sex, in this case outcrossing sex, can be maintained even when little genetic variability is produced.
24.
After a more accurate work T . Jung and T . I . Burgess, based not just on morphological and phisiological characters, but also on phylogenetic analyses, proposed that the isolates of " P . citricola " showed a high diversity and were then subdivided into four new groups, among them the new species " P . plurivora " sp . nov . " P . citricola " and " P . plurivora " differ in length and breadth ratio of sporangia, colony growth patterns and optimal temperature . " P . plurivora " shows homothallic, paragynous antheridia and semipapillate sporangia resembling lemons.
