It has been noted that when " Ixodes holocyclus " is forcibly extracted the feeding tube ( the " hypostome " ) is usually damaged which suggests that part of its tip remains embedded in the skin.
22.
Using their serrated mouth parts, they excavate a pool beneath the host's skin from which they draw sustenance using the hypostome, a straw-like tube that resembles a drywall anchor and holds the animal almost as effectively.
23.
In a hypostome's apical tip, neurite's are usually directed down the sides of the hypostome in a radial direction, and ganglion cells are found in the hypostome's basal region ( in between tentacles and just below the head ).
24.
In a hypostome's apical tip, neurite's are usually directed down the sides of the hypostome in a radial direction, and ganglion cells are found in the hypostome's basal region ( in between tentacles and just below the head ).
25.
In a hypostome's apical tip, neurite's are usually directed down the sides of the hypostome in a radial direction, and ganglion cells are found in the hypostome's basal region ( in between tentacles and just below the head ).
26.
Hypostome morphology is highly variable; sometimes supported by an un-mineralised membrane ( natant ), sometimes fused onto the anterior doublure with an outline very similar to the glabella above ( conterminant ) or fused to the anterior doublure with an outline significantly different from the glabella ( impendent ).
27.
Cephalon : Cranidium subquadrate, glabella cylindrical, slightly contracted at S3, three pairs of glabellar furrows, preglabellar field short or absent, eye ridge wide, long, directed slightly postero-laterally, palpebral lobe cresentic, posterior area of fixigena with fulcrum, free cheeks ( or librigenae ) with long spines; hypostome conterminant, attached to a narrow rostral plate.
28.
During her graduate studies at Columbia, Browne " demonstrated that transplanting the hypostome from one hydra into another hydra would induce a secondary axis in the host hydra . " This work, done in 1909, preceded experiments in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, that are credited with discovering the " organizer " this work was the basis of a Nobel Prize given to Spemann.
