It partners with Federal Aviation Administration, sister services, major commands, coalition partners, and host nations to maintain the consistency and accuracy of more than 81 airfields, 1, 092 navigation systems and 8, 214 instrument approach procedures worldwide.
22.
Area navigation ( RNAV ) STAR / FMSP procedures for arrivals serve the same purpose but are used only by aircraft equipped with FMS or GPS . The purpose of both is to simplify clearance delivery procedures and facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach procedures.
23.
"' Approach plates "'( or, more formally, "'instrument approach procedure charts "') are the printed charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules ( IFR ) operations.
24.
"' Approach plates "'( or, more formally, "'instrument approach procedure charts "') are the printed charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules ( IFR ) operations.
25.
An "'instrument approach "', or "'instrument approach procedure "'( "'IAP "'), is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under holding or enroute obstacle clearance criteria apply.
26.
While in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Robinson was also a visiting scientist at the U . S . Department of Transportation's Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, doing research on environmental modeling for flight simulation, cockpit human factors for GPS-guided instrument approach procedures, and moving-map displays.
27.
In this time interval it would not have been possible for the flight at normal speed to have flown from the Half Moon Bay Outer Marker to the ILS Outer Marker, make the required turn and return to the site of the crash in accordance with Civil Aeronautics Authority approved instrument approach procedure.
28.
ZMP overlies or abuts 18 approach control facilities ( including APN, MBS, GRB, MSP, DLH, YQT, GFK, FAR, MOT, BIS, FSD, SUX, LNK, OMA, DSM, STJ, RST, and MKE approaches ) and is responsible for approximately 210 uncontrolled airports with authorized instrument approach procedures.
29.
Contributing to the accident were : the failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship and crew resource management of the captain; the failure of the company to identify and correct a widespread, unapproved practice during instrument approach procedures; and the Federal Aviation Administration's inadequate surveillance and oversight of the air carrier ."
30.
The co-pilot, First Officer Rodney Souka, had been assessed for instrument approach procedures; however, he was not qualified for flight under the IFR . Although the crew had planned to fly under the IFR with visual procedures, the forecast cloud in the area ought to have alerted them that, under those procedures, visual flight in the Kokoda Gap could prove problematic.
