Subjects of intransitive verbs of clauses that are causativized get accusative marking ( as in ?9 ), while former subjects of transitive verbs get marked with dative or instrumental case ( as in ?88 and ?1 ).
22.
Note that rakc asa is the direct object ( karman ) of the verbal action expressed in " han " to kill " and the agent ( kart [ ) of the same action, Rma, occurs in the instrumental case.
23.
The instrumental case appears in Finnish " kirjoitan kyn�ll?" does not mean " I write on a pen ", but " I write using a pen ", even if the adessive "-ll?" is used.
24.
For instance, the Polish verb " kierowa " ( to drive ) governs the direct object in the instrumental case, as in the expression " kierowa samochodem " ( to drive a car ) ( Fisiak 1975 : 60)
25.
The modern instrumental case ( as present in " why " ) does not bear the meaning of instrument, but of purpose, cause, or reason : rather, the closely related form " how " is used to express instrument, way, or means.
26.
Just as in English the preposition " with " can express instrumental ( " using, by means of " ), comitative ( " in the company of " ), and a number of other semantic relations, the instrumental case in Russian is not limited to its instrumental thematic role.
27.
For the second part, " jezikom kojim " is in Instrumental case, implying that the language is a tool for communication, rather than its object ( " Govorite "'jezik koji "'~ elite . " ), which is in Accusative case.
28.
The ergative or instrumental case ( also ? though takes the non-nominative prefix ) is used to mark the subject of a transitive verb ( the usual meaning of ergative ) or to mark the object used to complete the action of the verb ( the usual meaning of instrumental ).
29.
Many European languages of Indo-European origin have a set of cases which are similar to those of Latin, for example German and other Germanic languages like Icelandic omit the vocative and ablative; classical Greek omitted the ablative and modern Greek also omits the dative; some Slav languages have in addition the instrumental case.
30.
Then " p ( e ) revodom " should be the instrumental case form for that word, and by itself it could mean : " with ( the ) translation; by ( the ) translation; by means of ( the ) translation ", but it could also perform some other functions depending on the context.
