Practical anti-reflection coatings, however, rely on an intermediate layer not only for its direct reduction of reflection coefficient, but also use the interference effect of a thin layer.
22.
Antenna rules are complex rules that check ratios of areas of every layer of a net for configurations that can result in problems when intermediate layers are etched.
23.
The negative differential resistance, combined with the timing properties of the intermediate layer, is responsible for the diode's largest use : in electronic oscillators at microwave frequencies and above.
24.
Surface activation prior to bonding has the typical advantage that no intermediate layer is needed and sufficiently high bonding energy is achieved after annealing at temperatures below 400 �C.
25.
The bonding happens at a specific weight-% and temperature, e . g . 370 �C at 2.85 wt-% Si for Au intermediate layer ( compare to phase diagram ).
26.
Through thermal evaporation or sputter coating, a 20 to 70 nm thick layer of aluminum and sometimes an intermediate layer of lithium fluoride are then applied onto the photoactive material.
27.
It is sometimes considered to be the deepest part of the superficial layer of this compartment, and sometimes considered to be a distinct, " intermediate layer " of this compartment.
28.
Glass solder can be used as an intermediate layer when joining materials ( glasses, ceramics ) with significantly different coefficient of thermal expansion; such materials cannot be directly joined by diffusion welding.
29.
Compared to anodic bonding, no high voltages are required that can be detrimental to electrostatic MEMS . Additionally, the eutectic bonding procedure promotes a better out-gassing and hermeticity than bonding with organic intermediate layers.
30.
The roof was built using coated sandwich panels, consisting of two steel plates 0.4 to 0.5 mm thick, with an intermediate layer of polyurethane foam ( PUR ) 9 cm thick, serving as insulation.
