Brain studies dealing with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ( OCD ), for example, have shown us how abnormal physical processes in the brain may actually control human behavior . ( OCD, which affects millions of Americans, is a common behavioral disorder in which individuals may conjure up unwanted thoughts or engage in involuntary actions such as repeated hand-washing .)
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A common example of reciprocal innervation, is the effect of the nociceptive ( or nocifensive ) reflex, or defensive response to pain, otherwise commonly known as the withdrawal reflex; a type of involuntary action of the body to remove the body part from the vicinity of an offending object by contracting the appropriate muscles ( usually flexor muscles ), while relaxing the extensor muscles.
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This means that although no one is willingly unhappy, vice by definition always involves actions decided on willingly . ( As discussed earlier, vice comes from bad habits and aiming at the wrong things, not deliberately aiming to be unhappy . ) Lawmakers also work in this way, trying to encourage and discourage the right voluntary actions, but don't concern themselves with involuntary actions.
