The Sayfawa dynasty still had control over both capitals and therefore became more powerful than it ever had been so far, and the Bulala and Kanembu states were merged, but political authority still rested in Bornu.
22.
By the end of the fourteenth century, however, internal division had severely weakened the Kanem empire, forcing the Sayfawa dynasty to relocate to Kanuri; the Kanembu retain close family ties with the Kanuri to this day.
23.
Even though the Kanembu became the main power base of the Sayfawa, Kanem's rulers continued to travel frequently throughout the kingdom and especially towards Herders and farmers alike recognized the government's power and acknowledged their allegiance by paying tribute.
24.
Around 40, 000 ( 1998 ) members of the "'Tumari "'subgroup, sometimes called Kanembu in Niger, are a distinct Kanuri subgroup living in the N'guigmi area, and are distinct from the Chadian Kanembu people.
25.
Around 40, 000 ( 1998 ) members of the "'Tumari "'subgroup, sometimes called Kanembu in Niger, are a distinct Kanuri subgroup living in the N'guigmi area, and are distinct from the Chadian Kanembu people.
26.
This may have played a part in engineering the split within the MPLT, in which another mainly Kanembu militia was formed, the Western Armed Forces ( FAO ), led by Moussa Medela, that deflected some of the MPLT's Nigerian support.
27.
The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad ( MPLT ), a Kanembu rebel group backed by Nigeria, along with the central government, the Armed Forces of the North ( FAN ) and the People's Armed Forces ( FAP ) were the main combatants.
28.
The Kanem-Bornu Empire ( 9th century 19th century ) of ancient Chad stretched to parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria, and northern Cameroon until it was overwhelmed by attacks and wars from the Fula people, Baggara, Kanembu people, and the Ouaddai Kingdom.
29.
The peak of this early kingdom came with the rule of Mai ( King ) Dunama Dabbalemi of the Sayfawa dynasty, who reigned from 1221 to 1259 . He was the first of the Kanembu to convert to Islam and he declared jihad against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest.
30.
Traditional Chadian instruments include the hu hu ( string instrument with calabash loudspeakers ), kakaki ( a tin Kanembu and the balaphone, whistle, harp and kodjo drums of the Sara people, while the Baguirmians are known for drum and zither music, as well as a folk dance in which a mock battle is conducted between dancers wielding large pestles.
