The larynx may be examined by indirect laryngoscopy using a small angled mirror with a long handle ( akin to a dentist's mirror ) and a strong light.
22.
In 1913, Chevalier Jackson ( 1865 1958 ) was the first to report a high rate of success for the use of direct laryngoscopy as a means to intubate the trachea.
23.
Until the development of fiber-optic laryngoscopy, the full involvement of the larynx during speech production was not observable, and the interactions among the six laryngeal articulators is still poorly understood.
24.
A systematic review of 42 studies, with 34, 513 participants, found that the modified Mallampati score is a good predictor of difficult direct laryngoscopy and intubation, but poor at predicting difficult bag mask ventilation.
25.
Newer technologies such as flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy have fared better in reducing the incidence of some of these complications, though the most frequent cause of intubation trauma remains a lack of skill on the part of the laryngoscopist.
26.
Other devices such as rigid stylets, the lightwand ( a blind technique ) and indirect fiberoptic rigid stylets, such as the Bullard scope, Upsher scope and the WuScope can also be used as alternatives to direct laryngoscopy.
27.
Cricoid pressure should not be confused with the " BURP " ( Backwards Upwards Rightwards Pressure ) manoeuvre, which is used to improve the view of the glottis during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, rather than to prevent regurgitation.
28.
Indirect laryngoscopy involved the use of a small laryngeal mirror ( not unlike modern dental mirrors ) that was inserted into the throat, in combination with the head mirror you speak of ( used to illuminate the smaller mirror ).
29.
The frequent failure of direct laryngoscopy to provide an adequate view for tracheal intubation led to the development of alternative devices such as the lighted stylet, and a number of indirect internist and emergency medicine physician, designed the camera screen straight video laryngoscope in 1998.
30.
Ibuprofen, 3 / 12 lead ECG acquisition, nasopharyngeal airway, nebulised salbutamol, nebulised ipratropium, GTN spray, IM glucagon, laryngeal mask airway, ondansetron ( oral ), loratadine, PEEP valve, adrenaline ( IM, IN and nebulised ), prednisone, tramadol, urinary catheter troubleshooting, laryngoscopy ( Wellington Free Ambulance ), Magills forceps.
