The crystal is mounted on a copper block, acting as a heat sink; its 1064 nm output is fed into a crystal of potassium titanyl phosphate ( KTP ), mounted on a heat sink in the laser frequency doubler and halves the wavelength to the desired 532 nm.
22.
Where S _ { \ delta f } is the one-sided power spectral density of quantum noise, h is Planck s constant, f is the laser frequency, P includes all power losses of the laser beams, and Q is the quality factor of the ring.
23.
Although the requirements for the performance of the lock are less stringent than for other direct cw-CEAS techniques ( due to the noise-immune principle ), the laser frequency still has to be kept locked within the cavity mode during signal acquisition, i . e . it should follow the mode while the cavity is scanned, including a possible wavelength modulation.
24.
Finally, and omitting the many Laser sources which are always needed in such a laboratory, the LMOPS can rely on heavy equipment far actual material fabrication, such as ovens using the Czochralski process to grow bulk non linear crystals which are to be used for laser frequency doubling, as well as MOVPE equipments for the deposition of thin layers of semi-conductors.
