Temperature-dependent atomic lattice vibrations, or phonons, can broaden the core level components and attenuate the interference patterns in an XPD ( X-Ray Photoelectron Diffraction ) experiment.
22.
However, as a semiconductor's temperature rises above absolute zero, there is more energy in the semiconductor to spend on lattice vibration and on exciting electrons into the conduction band.
23.
Ideal, defect-free semiconductors are many-body systems where the interactions of charge-carriers and lattice vibrations have to be considered in addition to the light-matter coupling.
24.
In solid crystals the shape of absorption bands are determined by the density of states of initial and final states of electronic states or lattice vibrations, called phonons, in the crystal structure.
25.
Sound ( or lattice vibration ) can be described by a phonon just as light can be considered as photons, and therefore one can state that SASER is the acoustic analogue of the laser.
26.
In a SASER device, a source ( e . g ., an electric field as a pump ) produces sound waves ( lattice vibrations, phonons ) that travel through an active medium.
27.
These processes are describable by three-particle correlations ( or higher ) where photon, electron hole pair, and a lattice vibration, i . e ., a phonon, become correlated.
28.
It's not much harder to understand, and it explains applications like lattice vibrations ( . 5kx ^ 2 ) and rotational contributions to gases'specific heats ( . 5Iw ^ 2 ).
29.
The modern theory of the heat capacity of solids states that it is due to lattice vibrations in the solid, and was first derived in crude form from this assumption by Albert Einstein, in 1907.
30.
His work in condensed matter theory primarily involved lattice vibrations ( phonons ) in defective crystals, where he was the first to show how to include short-range order among defects in the vibrational theory of alloys.
