| 21. | The steel becomes more brittle ( martensite ) which leads to cavities forming in the wheel.
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| 22. | Martempering is used to produce martensite without developing the high stresses that usually accompany its formation.
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| 23. | By applying strain, the austenite undergoes a phase transition to martensite without the addition of heat.
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| 24. | When the edge cools fast a diffusionless transformation occurs, turning the austenite into very hard martensite.
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| 25. | For steel greater than 1 % carbon it will form a plate like structure called plate martensite.
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| 26. | However, greater undercooling by rapid quenching results in formation of martensite or bainite instead of pearlite.
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| 27. | Under a light microscope, the microstructure of bainite appears darker than martensite due to its low reflectivity.
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| 28. | Shape memory alloys also have surprising mechanical properties, that were eventually explained by an analogy to martensite.
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| 29. | Martensite is a highly strained and stressed, supersaturated form of carbon and iron and is exceedingly hard but brittle.
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| 30. | In the third stage, ?-carbon precipitates into cementite, and the carbon content in the martensite decreases.
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