The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days ( the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude ) were 14, 33, 9, 57 ( Alphonsine ), 14, 33, 11, 12 ( Copernicus ) and 14, 33, 9, 24 ( Reinhold ).
22.
Al-Khwarizmi's study of the Jewish calendar, " Risla fi istikhrj ta?r + kh al-yahkd " " Extraction of the Jewish Era " describes the Jewish era ( creation of Adam ) and the Seleucid era, and the rules for determining the mean longitude of the sun and the moon using the Jewish calendar.
23.
To find the length of the tropical year, the mean longitude is differentiated, to give the angular speed of the Sun as a function of Terrestrial Time, and this angular speed is used to compute how long it would take for the Sun to move 360?. ( Meeus & Savoie, 1992, p . 42; Astronomical Almanac for the year 2011, L8 ).
24.
:p . 4 " " Pingree, faced with these results of Billard continued to argue that ryabham a must nevertheless have found a way to derive his mean longitudes from earlier, essentially Greek, results . 6 He was never willing to accept that ryabham a, or indeed any other Indian astronomer, had been able to make observations, or had been able to reduce these to obtain such accurate mean longitudes.
25.
:p . 4 " " Pingree, faced with these results of Billard continued to argue that ryabham a must nevertheless have found a way to derive his mean longitudes from earlier, essentially Greek, results . 6 He was never willing to accept that ryabham a, or indeed any other Indian astronomer, had been able to make observations, or had been able to reduce these to obtain such accurate mean longitudes.
26.
According to Sarma ( 2008 ) : " One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence, the configuration of the universe, the Bhskara in the 12th century, cover topics such as : mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the patas of the sun and moon.
