Shute and Lewis first revealed the presence of a cholinergic component of the RAS, composed of two ascending mesopontine tegmental pathways rostrally situated between the mesencephalon and the centrum semiovale ( semioval center ).
22.
Concentration gradients of fibroblast growth factor 8 ( FGF8 ) and Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 1 ( Wnt1 ) control expression of Pax2 during development of the Mesencephalon, or midbrain.
23.
The midbrain ( or mesencephalon ) is situated above and rostral to the pons, and includes nuclei linking distinct parts of the motor system, among others the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and both cerebral hemispheres.
24.
With increasing pressure and progression of the hernia there will be distortion of the brainstem leading to Duret hemorrhages ( tearing of small vessels in the parenchyma ) in the median and paramedian zones of the mesencephalon and pons.
25.
Pax-7 plays a role in neural crest development and gastrulation, and it is an important factor in the expression of neural crest markers such as mesencephalon, nasal cavity, nasal epithelium, nasal capsule and pons.
26.
1-The archipallium or primitive ( " reptilian " ) brain, comprising the structures of the brain stem-medulla, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, the oldest basal nuclei-the globus pallidus and the olfactory bulbs.
27.
These are the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon which later become the lateral ventricles, third ventricles, aqueduct, and upper and lower parts of the fourth ventricle from the telencephalon to the myelencephalon, during adulthood.
28.
Wohlfart ( 1961 ) hypothesized that klazomania is caused by an irritating lesion in the mesencephalon and a malfunction in the control of the motor circuit from the substantia nigra in the mesencephalon to the globus pallidus in the striatum ( mesostraital pathway ).
29.
Wohlfart ( 1961 ) hypothesized that klazomania is caused by an irritating lesion in the mesencephalon and a malfunction in the control of the motor circuit from the substantia nigra in the mesencephalon to the globus pallidus in the striatum ( mesostraital pathway ).
30.
The front end of the nerve tube is expanded by a thickening of the walls and expansion of the central canal of spinal cord into three primary brain vesicles : The prosencephalon ( forebrain ), mesencephalon ( midbrain ) and rhombencephalon ( hindbrain ), further differentiated in the various vertebrate groups.
