Townes ended up discovering ammonia and water in dust clouds that shielded them from damaging rays by essentially doing microwave spectroscopy on the sky.
22.
Jen specialized in microwave spectroscopy, the measurement of the absorption or emission by atoms or molecules of radiation in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
23.
At the end of World War II, he returned to the United States on sabbatical leave at Harvard and turned his research focus to microwave spectroscopy.
24.
He pursued further research with Nobel Laureate Professor Gerhard Herzberg at National Research Council of Canada during 1960 to 1962 in the field of microwave spectroscopy.
25.
After 1983 he focused on teaching and research, moving into a ` third research career'in Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy studies of small, weakly bonded molecules in the gas phase.
26.
Shown below for comparison are a ball-and-stick model of the actual microwave spectroscopy, left ), the Lewis structure ( centre ) and the skeletal formula ( right ).
27.
After receiving a Ph . D . from Toronto, Schawlow was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship from Columbia University to work with Townes, who was doing research on microwave spectroscopy at the time.
28.
"' Claud Edwin Cleeton "'( December 11, 1907 April 16, 1997 ) was a physicist notable for his groundbreaking work, with Neal H . Williams, on the microwave spectroscopy of ammonia.
29.
After the war, Jen returned to the Physics Department at Harvard, and eventually settled at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University to carry on pioneering research in trapping free radicals and other topics in microwave spectroscopy.
30.
The differences are much more pronounced in vibrational spectroscopy such as infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and in rotational spectra such as microwave spectroscopy because the reduced mass of the deuterium is markedly higher than that of protium.
