Other common oral manifestations of Down syndrome include enlarged hypotonic tongue, crusted and hypotonic lips, mouth breathing, narrow palate with crowded teeth, class III malocclusion with an underdeveloped maxilla and posterior crossbite, delayed exfoliation of baby teeth and delayed eruption of adult teeth, shorter roots on teeth, and often missing and malformed ( usually smaller ) teeth.
22.
Some of these questions are geared toward tongue protrusion and an opening of lips when the client is in repose; habitual mouth breathing; digit sucking; existence of high and narrow palatal arch; ankyloglossia ( tongue-tie ); malocclusions, ( Class II, III ); weak chewing muscles ( masseter ); weak lip muscles ( orbicularis oris ); overdeveloped chin muscles ( mentalis ); muscular imbalance; abnormal dentition.
