The distinguishing characteristic of all " Mycobacterium " species is that the cell wall is thicker than in many other bacteria, being hydrophobic, waxy, and rich in mycolic acids / mycolates.
22.
The C 16 acyl-CoA product acts as a substrate for the synthesis of meromycolic acid by FAS-II, whereas the C 26 fatty acid constitutes the alpha branch of the final mycolic acid.
23.
Isoniazid ( isonicotinic acid hydrazide ), ethionamide, triclosan [ 5-chloro-2-( 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy )-phenol ] and TLM are known to specifically inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis.
24.
The exact structure of mycolic acids appears to be closely linked to the virulence of the organism, as modification of the functional groups of the molecule can lead to an attenuation of growth " in vivo ".
25.
A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids ( HPLC ) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the " Mycobacterium tuberculosis " complex.
26.
Many members of this family integrate mycolic acids into their cell wall, and as a result, " Nocardia spp . " may be mistaken for mycobacteria when viewed under a microscope following an acid-fast stain.
27.
Auramine O can be used to stain acid-fast bacteria ( e . g . " Mycobacterium ", where it binds to the mycolic acid in its cell wall ) in a way similar to Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
28.
However, " M . tuberculosis " has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances . " M . tuberculosis " is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.
29.
"' Porins "'are beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria of the group Mycolata ( mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes ), the mitochondria, and the chloroplast.
30.
In " M . tuberculosis ", the beta-ketoacyl-[ acyl-carrier-protein ] synthase III enzyme is designated mtFabH and is a crucial link between the fatty acid synthase-I and fatty acid synthase-II pathways producing mycolic acids.
