Errors are unintentional deviations from goals, rules, and standards . "'Error Management ( EM ) "'starts after an error has occurred; it attempts to block negative error consequences, to reduce their negative impact, or to deal quickly with error consequences once they occur.
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In 1986, Dr . Herbert Silverstein updated an older monitoring device based on the predicate designs of Jako and Hilger and manufactured by WR Medical Electronics ( Maplewood, MN ) . �However, rather than use needle electrodes to detect small amplitude EMG changes in the muscle, the WR device used a mechanical transducer placed on the cheek to pick up movement . �This detection method led to cost savings and less artifacts but was not as sensitive to small changes as EMG recording ( i . e . higher false negative errors ) . . �While still used by many Silverstein acolytes, NIM and other EMG-based recording systems are by far the most commonly used modality for monitoring motor nerves such as the facial and laryngeal nerves, as well as during spine surgery.
