:Autologous stem cell-based treatments for ligament injury, tendon injury, osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, and sub-chondral bone cysts have been commercially available to practicing veterinarians to treat horses since 2003 in the United States and since 2006 in the United Kingdom.
22.
Radiological examination of �tzi's bones showed " age-conditioned or strain-induced degeneration " corresponding to many tattooed areas, including osteochondrosis and slight spondylosis in the lumbar spine and wear-and-tear degeneration in the knee and especially in the ankle joints.
23.
Most primary lesions are related to "'osteochondrosis "', which is a disease of the joint cartilage and specifically "'Osteochondritis dissecans "'( OCD or OD ), the separation of a flap of cartilage on the joint surface.
24.
In addition to hip dysplasia, Leonbergers can inherit and / or develop heart problems, Inherited Leonberger Paralysis / Polyneuropathy ( ILPN ), osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, Osteochondrosis Dissecans, allergies, digestive disorders, cataracts, entropion / ectropion eyelids, progressive retinal atrophy ( PRA ), perianal fistulas, and thyroid disorders.
