Panpsychism is one of the oldest philosophical theories, and has been ascribed to philosophers like Thales, Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz and William James.
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Related ideas are panpsychism and panexperientialism, which say everything " has " a mind rather than everything exists " in " a mind.
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This notion, panpsychism ( " mind everywhere " ), is not so different from what the Anasazi believed _ that everything is full of spirits.
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Whitehead's thought may be regarded as related to the idea of panpsychism ( also known as panexperientialism, because of Whitehead's emphasis on experience ).
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Philosopher David Skrbina has noted that " Strong stands out as one of the more consistent and open advocates of panpsychism in the first part of the century ."
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I could perhaps add mention of phenomenalism ( a version of idealism sustained by the Bertrand Russel and some positivists at the beginning of the 20th century ) and panpsychism.
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In philosophy, "'panpsychism "'is the view that consciousness, mind or soul ( psyche ) is a universal and primordial feature of all things.
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This is motivation to argue for panexperientialism rather than panpsychism, since only the most fundamental meaning of mind is what is present in all matter, namely, subjective experience.
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Some libertarian explanations involve invoking panpsychism, the theory that a quality of mind is associated with all particles, and pervades the entire universe, in both animate and inanimate entities.
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Panpsychism, as a view that the universe has " universal consciousness ", is shared by some forms of religious thought such as theosophy, pantheism, new age thought and panentheism.
