This quantity is not extensive as can be seen by considering two identical volumes with the same particle number and the same energy.
22.
Where denotes pressure, denotes temperature, denotes volume, and the ellipsis denotes other possible state variables like particle number and entropy.
23.
In systems with large particle numbers, in contrast, usually only statistically averaged or collective quantities about the system can be measured.
24.
Again, we are presently unable to calculate results below the critical temperature, because the particle numbers using the above equation become negative.
25.
Further, assuming conservation of particle number, he expanded the density ( number of particles per unit volume ) change in a Taylor series:
26.
Many of the defining characteristics of a superfluid arise from the notion that its quantum state is a superposition of states with different particle numbers.
27.
Correspondingly, it is possible that LDL cholesterol concentration can be relatively high, yet LDL particle number low and cardiovascular events are also low.
28.
However, does vary strongly with discrete variables such as numbers of particles, and so it must be applied before summing over particle numbers.
29.
A naive way of explaining this observation is to use the idea that ApoB100 reflects lipoprotein particle number ( independent of their cholesterol content ).
30.
The price is that there is a nonuniformity in certain expressions, because replacing annihilation with creation adds a constant to the negative energy particle number.
