In mitochondria, the PMF is almost entirely made up of the electrical component but in chloroplasts the PMF is made up mostly of the pH gradient because the charge of protons H + is neutralized by the movement of Cl " and other anions.
22.
Strict biochemical control is maintained over this sequence by usage of a pH gradient : the pH of the cytosol is 7.4, the ER's pH is 7.0, and the cis-golgi has a pH of 6.5.
23.
As a result, the proteins become focused into sharp stationary bands with each protein positioned at a point in the pH gradient corresponding to its pI . The technique is capable of extremely high resolution with proteins differing by a single charge being fractionated into separate bands.
24.
Changes in pH both controls and activates the MSP polymerization throughout spermatogenesis by a pH gradient within the pseudopod of the spermatozoon : assembly occurs at the leading edge where the pH is high, and disassembly of the filaments occurs at the base where the pH is lowered.
25.
Vesosome structure has taken advantage of the progress in liposome development as steric stabilization, pH loading of drugs ( it is loaded by pH gradient ), and intrinsic biocompatibility ( it can be modified with a variety of agents, for example to specifically target a disease site, or promote adhesion or fusion ).
26.
Yeast transport amino acids and small peptides ( less than 5 amino acid residues ) into the cell via an active transport process that utilizes specialized membrane proteins and the difference in the pH gradient of the acidic wine solution ( pH between 3-4 ) and the near neutral pH of cytoplasm inside the yeast cells.
